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Monday, April 26, 2010

Time to redefine Malaysia’s work culture

THE world of work is changing. More people are working into their so-called retirement years.
Many wish to embark on new career paths. I know of people who have said good-bye to high-stress jobs to follow their passion.

For others who are less financially secure, work is a necessity. Perhaps they didn’t save enough for retirement or maybe their investments have soured.

Age matters

Unfortunately, older employees are not always valued in today’s fast-moving world.

In many instances, employees in their late 40’s or 50’s find it hard to find a company that understands how valuable they are.

Unless the person has special experience or credibility that is sought after for management, directorship or advisory positions, their employability value has decreased.

Age discrimination in the workplace still persists in many companies. All young employees will ultimately age and they will experience similar treatment if we do nothing to change the negative perception aged employees currently suffer. You could soon become a victim of that discrimination.

There is a need to promote ideas for employing older employees and extending the retirement age. Savvy employers must recognise that their success depends on their employees’ contributions. It is the result of team effort, with old and young employees contributing their best. Yesterday’s employer-of-choice concept needs to be refined because the shifts in age demographics that have characterised the early 21st century have brought new challenges to the workplace. For instance:

·Brain drain: Baby Boomers and Generation-X migrating to other countries contributes to the country’s lack of talented and experienced human resource;

·Responding to the marketplace: A salaried ageing workforce will lead to more consumers. Only if businesses create job opportunities – with necessary take-home pay – for aged consumers will there be sufficient cash and demand for the products and services that are designed for that demographic;

·Manpower shortages: Employers with high percentages of older employees have begun to feel the impact of lost talent as Baby Boomers near the retirement age of 55 and above. Their concerns are exacerbated by fewer employees from the younger generation who are keen to work in routine or mundane jobs with unattractive salary packages. Sometimes, it is no longer the “work hard” but the “work easy” attitude for the young ones; and

·Lack of interest: Employers in industry sectors like agriculture, manufacturing or labour-intensive industries are facing difficulties in attracting young people. They resort to hiring foreign workers instead of retirees, who are often fully trained and capable of productive work.

It takes both hands to clap

Stereotypes of older employees have made us believe ageing brings with it physical and attitude limitations (not to mention a lack of being technology savvy). Sometimes this can lead to disengagement at work with other colleagues.

But this may not be necessarily true. There are Baby Boomers with positive mental health and attitudes, superb technical and people skills that are not being given second opportunities to excel.

Unless employers accept that age is just a number and continue the employment relationship as long as the employee can make valuable contributions to the company, nothing much can be done.

While older employees can adopt new paradigm shifts in mindset to be more engaged with young colleagues, employers can consider aligning older employees’ competencies with specific business strategies that take advantage of their wealth of experience. Whether you call them “know-how”, “gut feel” or “instinct”, these attributes are often lacking in younger employees.

Multi-generational workforce

Companies in some western countries with ageing populations are now adopting a new work culture – a multi-generational workforce – and policies that provide alternatives for both young and old employees to improve their work-life balance.

These measures have proven to help overcome manpower shortages, retain employees who want to spend time with family and attract retirees to work.

These new approaches have led to a healthy work culture for employees of all ages with different life priorities and are non gender-biased.

Employers benefit from less staff turnover and salary costs, while work gets done with multi-generational engagement ideas such as:

·Flexible work options: Flexi-time or reduced-hour options like part-time positions, job shares and phased retirement (part-time work designed for older employees to ease the transition into retirement);

·Work on project or contract basis where an employee is “self-employed”;

·Jobs with different sets of responsibilities to develop new competencies, or less demanding jobs due to health or personal reasons; and

·Work from alternative locations or home to reduce commuting time and ecological footprint.

For the 21st century multi-generational work culture to be successful and rewarding for Malaysia’s business and work community, human resource managers must implement these new concepts as soon as possible.

Employment agencies or online job portals will need to specialise in flexible work option job matching.

These are small hurdles but the result is a healthy society with higher number of employed people including retirees, leading to improved economic growth for the country and consumption growth for individuals. It is at this point that we can all stand and give ourselves a self-congratulatory clap – with both hands!

BY CAROL YIP
 ·Yip is a personal financial coach and also founder and CEO of Abacus for Money.

Australia Tightens Foreign Property Ownership Rules

 Temporary residents need approval o buy property

April 24 (Bloomberg) -- Australia will tighten rules on foreign investment in real estate, and introduce penalties to enforce the changes, to ensure pressure isn’t placed on housing availability for local residents.

Temporary residents will require approval from the Foreign Investment Review Board to buy property, and will have to sell when leaving the country, Assistant Treasurer Nick Sherry said. It ensures “working families are not being priced out of their own family homes,” Prime Minister Kevin Rudd said in Canberra today, a transcript from his office shows.

Treasurer Wayne Swan eased restrictions on non-residents in late 2008, making it easier for foreigners to buy property without government approval. Surging house prices, which advanced more than 10 percent last year, were among reasons the Reserve Bank of Australia boosted the benchmark interest rate this month for the fifth time in six meetings.

“Foreign purchasers can play an important role in supporting the development of new rental properties,” Aaron Gadiel, chief executive of Urban Taskforce Australia, said in an e-mailed statement. “Given that our national housing undersupply is reaching 200,000 homes, we should welcome any investment by foreign residents or businesses in boosting our supply of newly built homes.”

The lack of housing supply is the underlying issue for housing affordability, Gadiel said. Urban Taskforce Australia is an industry group representing property developers and equity financiers.
‘Foreign Speculators’

“We want to make sure that foreign speculators are not going to force up prices for Australians seeking to buy their own home, buy their first home, and we think this is the right course of action,” said Rudd, who faces an election within a year.

Australia will back up the changes with compliance, monitoring and enforcement measures including civil penalties, Assistant Treasurer Sherry said in a statement today. These include compulsory sales of property purchased in breach of the new investment regime, Sherry said.

Temporary residents will be required to start construction on undeveloped land within two years of purchase or be forced to sell, he said. The tighter rules will also apply to people on student visas, Sherry said.

Overseas Buyers
Overseas buying may have contributed to rising house prices, Sherry told reporters in Melbourne today. The measures are precautionary and won’t have a “major impact” on the housing market in Australia, Sherry said.
David Airey, president of the Real Estate Institute of Australia, is among those blaming gains in home prices on an increase in investment from overseas buyers, particularly Chinese. The institute today supported stricter rules. Prices jumped 12.7 percent in the year through February, a March 31 report by real-estate monitoring company RP Data-Rismark showed.

Overseas purchasers accounted for about 0.62 percent of transactions by LJ Hooker in 2009, David Maher, business analyst at the real estate agency, said in a telephone interview on April 15.

‘Ridiculous Claims’
“Claims that overseas buyers are pricing people out of the market are ridiculous,” Maher said. “There’d have to be a mammoth increase in the level of overseas investment to have any real effect on affordability in the Australian market. The numbers don’t show that.”

An increase in housing through the release of more land, and measures to reduce the amount of money and time it takes to develop new projects, are required to ease prices, Charles Tarbey, local chairman of Century21 Real Estate, said April 6.

The average sales price of houses and apartments its agents sold between Jan. 1 and March 29 this year was A$407,228 ($378,000), an 18 percent increase from the same period in 2009, according to Century21 data.
--With assistance from Nichola Saminather in Sydney. Editors: Jim McDonald, Ravil Shirodkar

By Ben Sharples
To contact the reporter on this story: Ben Sharples in Melbourne at bsharples@bloomberg.net

China's Global Approval Ratings Are In



For the first time since the BBC started tracking global views in 2005, the United States' influence in the world is now more positive than negative on average. Fine. So where does China stand in the grand scheme of things?

As you might expect, it depends on who's spinning the data as well as who you ask.


China Daily unequivocally says that "China's image has seen an upswing after hitting a low last year," with 41% of nations polled seeing China as having a positive influence on the world. The survey, conducted by GlobeScan/PIPA among more than 29,000 adults, asked respondents to say whether they considered the influence of different countries in the world to be mostly positive or mostly negative.

The fun starts when you look at the details, with significant year-on-year shifts in views of China within different countries.

For example, China's image improved considerably in such countries as the Philippines. While in 2009 a majority (52%) took a negative view, this has dropped 21 points. Now a majority (55%) has a positive view (up 16 points).

Japan's attitude witnessed a remarkable change, with those holding a negative view dropping from 59% to 38%, while those holding a positive view soared from 8 to 18%.

Europe continues to be the region that is the most negative toward China, but negative views have softened in Portugal (now 54%, down from 62%), and France (64%, down from 70%). In addition, positive views have increased among Germans (now 20%, up from 11%), although a large majority (71%) remains negative.

The U.S.'s attitude toward China remains roughly unchanged, with 51% holding a negative view. The report, curiously, did not give a figure for those holding a positive view.

All told, China ranks 11th in the 28 countries or regions mentioned in the poll, behind Germany, Canada, the European Union, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Brazil, the United States, South Africa and India.
You can read about poll methodology here.

By Ray Kwong
Ray Kwong is a cross border business development geek and a Forbes contributing writer.
Source: http://newscri.be/link/1082961



Wealth of Britain's Richest Rises by 30%




Rich list reveals record rise in wealth

Collective wealth of Britain's 1,000 richest people rose 30%, the biggest annual increase in list's 22-year history
Lakshmi Mittal
Lakshmi Mittal topped the rich list for the sixth straight year. Photograph: Sebastien Pirlet/Reuters

April 25 (Bloomberg) -- The fortunes of the richest people in the U.K. rose at a record pace last year, with the 1,000 wealthiest experiencing a 30 percent increase in their net worth, according to the annual Sunday Times Rich List.

Lakshmi Mittal, the 59-year-old chief executive officer of ArcelorMittal, the world’s largest steelmaker, topped the list for the sixth straight year. His fortune doubled to 22.5 billion pounds ($34.6 billion) as the recovering economy bolstered orders from automakers and builders, according to the Rich List, published today.

Roman Abramovich, 43, the Russian-born billionaire, remained in second place after adding 400 million pounds to his net worth.

The cumulative wealth of the U.K.’s richest people rose to 333.5 billion pounds ($512.8 billion) during the year. The total fell short of the record 413 billion pounds reached in 2008, according to the rankings compiled each year by Philip Beresford. None of the top 10 lost money during the year, while the number of billionaires on the list rose 10 to 53.

The list has been compiled for the past 22 years and is based on identifiable wealth, including property, art, racehorses and shares in publicly-held companies. It excludes bank account balances.

The 30 percent increase in combined wealth in the last year is “easily the biggest annual rise” in the history of the list, Beresford said in an e-mailed statement.

The year before, the net worth of those on the list had plunged 37 percent, in the depths of the global financial crisis.



Joseph Lau, Duke of Westminster

The highest new entry was Joseph Lau, the 58-year-old chairman and CEO of Hong Kong-based Chinese Estates Holdings Ltd., who took the 12th spot. Lau, with a fortune calculated at 3.8 billion pounds, recently paid 33 million for a house in London’s Eaton Square.

The Duke of Westminster, the highest-placed British-born billionaire, remained in third place. His ancestral land holdings in central London are among the most expensive properties in the nation and helped boost his net worth by 4 percent.

It was the smallest gain seen among the wealthiest 10 people in the U.K. The Queen, 84, ranked 245 with a fortune of 290 million pounds.

New to the 10-top list were Alisher Usmanov, who made his money in steel and mines, Galen and George Weston, whose wealth from retailing was combined this year, and Indian-born Anil Agarwal, who had an increase of 583 percent in his fortune thanks to the skyrocketing price of his London-based mining group
Vedanta Resources Holdings Ltd.
 
ArcelorMittal
Falling from the top 10 were Hans Rausing and family, whose fortune is in packaging; Sammy and Eyal Ofer, and John Fredriksen in the shipping industry; Joe Lewis in investments; and Kirsten and Jorn Rausing in inheritance.


Mittal holds a 41 percent stake in Luxembourg-based ArcelorMittal, which he formed through the takeover of Arcelor SA by Mittal Steel Co. in 2006. The stock surged 89 percent in 2009 as it boosted output of the metal as the world economy recovered and automakers and builders increased orders.

The steel industry is recovering faster and stronger than expected, the World Steel Association said April 20. The group, whose members include nineteen of the world’s 20 top steelmakers, forecast that steel consumption will increase 10.7 percent this year.

European hot-rolled coil, a benchmark product used in cars and appliances, increased 41 percent in the first quarter as raw material prices surged, according to Metal Bulletin data.

Abramovich
Abramovich, owner of the Chelsea football club, accrued his wealth after the fall of the Soviet Union by building up Russia’s fifth-largest oil producer. His oil business, OAO Sibneft, was bought by OAO Gazprom in 2005 as then-President Vladimir Putin moved to return the country’s oil wealth into state hands.

The billionaire, once Russia’s richest man according to Forbes, has since bought into metal producers. Millhouse LLC, which manages his assets, has stakes in Evraz Group SA, Russia’s second-largest steelmaker, and Highland Gold Mining Ltd.

Britain’s 10 Largest Fortunes (in billions of pounds)

1. Lakshmi Mittal and Family       Steel          22.5
2. Roman Abramovich                Oil             7.4
3. The Duke of Westminster         Property        6.8
4. Ernesto and Kitty Bertarelli    Pharma          6.0
5. David and Simon Reuben          Property        5.5
6. Alisher Usmanov                 Steel, Mines    4.7
7. Galen and George Weston         Retail          4.5
8. Charlene, Michel de Carvalho    Inheritance     4.4
9. Philip Green and wife           Retailing       4.1
10. Anil Agarwal                   Mining          4.1

By Michelle Fay Cortez in London at mcortez@bloomberg.net

Sunday, April 25, 2010

Job seekers lost in cyber world



Job seekers lost in cyber world
  Are social networking websites failing to help jobless graduates?
 
His resume is probably one of the most viewed in China - but instead of finding "Ma Wen" his dream job, it propelled the desperate graduate to Internet stardom.

When the 21-year-old multimedia designer uploaded a video showcasing his talents on a Chinese social networking site last year, the idea was to increase his chances in a tough job market.

But although the clip attracted millions of hits, very few of them were prospective employers.

"Most e-mails were from other students asking me how I made the video," Ma Wen told China Daily via MSN chat and e-mail (he refused to talk on the phone or use his real name).

Although video resumes are not a new concept, more graduates are now using them to improve their prospects in the chilly economic climate. However, analysts say most employers and online businesses in China are "stuck in the past" and are failing to exploit the recruitment opportunities offered by social media.

Ma Wen graduated with a degree in computer science from Xi'an University of Technology in the summer of 2008, shortly before the world entered the worst financial meltdown for decades. With most companies putting a freeze on hiring new staff, Ma Wen soon became exasperated by the lack of job opportunities..
Popular social media sites in China:
RENREN



Job seekers lost in cyber world

Launched: 2005 (formally Xiaonei, it changed its name in 2008)
Typical users: Mostly students and recent graduates. The emphasis is on connecting with real-life friends online.
Interface: Almost identical to early versions of Facebook.
It has a few unique features, such as a “footprint”, and a “funware” platform for games.
Popular functions: Mostly games. It has more than 250 game applications, which are often copied by its competitors.
Estimated market share: 17 percent
Popularity ranking in China: 17
KAIXIN001


Job seekers lost in cyber world

Launched: 2007
Typical users: Office workers. Its users spend twice as much time on the site, compared to users on other social networks
Interface: A simplifi ed version of Facebook with very little advertising.
Popular functions: It has about 50 applications, the majority of which are games (the site launched the social games craze in China but Renren has since stolen its thunder).
Post-forwarding of celebrity gossip, photos and funny stories is also extremely popular.
Estimated market share: 12 percent
Popularity ranking in China: 13
51.COM


Job seekers lost in cyber world

Launched: 2005
Typical users: People from small cities
Interface: Simple. It is far more functional than elegant. Popular functions: Again, games. In all, it has 50 applications.
Estimated market share: 12 percent
Popularity ranking in China: 40
"I sent out my resumes to many companies but got no replies at all," he said. "And when I did get interviews, as soon as they found out I didn't go to a 211 project school (a national initiative that includes what are considered the top universities), they passed to the next person." 
About 13 percent of the 6.1 million new graduates last year failed to find work, while another 6.3 million are expected to enter the job market across China this summer, according to figures from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

With such fierce competition, the Internet can be a vital tool for jobseekers, say analysts.

Use the word "resume" - jianli in Chinese - to search any Western or Chinese video-sharing website and you will see short films made by students to show their skills in design, production, animation, music and even teaching.

After months of fruitless searching, Ma Wen decided last April to join them by uploading his video resume to 56.com, a website similar to YouTube.

During his 1-minute 37-second clip, which is based on television advertisements for Hewlett Packard that feature only celebrities' hands, he uses various computer-aided design techniques to display the films and directors he likes. At the end, he introduces himself as a graduate and his e-mail address appears on the screen.

But the response he received was far from impressive and instead of attracting offers from movie companies and large Web firms, "all I got were e-mails from individuals or small groups", he said. "They were offering me work but they didn't provide suitable career directions."

Disappointed, he turned down all the offers and is now studying English at a college in Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang province. He is now working on setting up his own social networking site for netizens to share software.

"It will be more user-friendly and less commercial than the others," he added.

Although Ma Wen failed to land a job, other graduates told China Daily that they believe social networking sites had been instrumental in finding their jobs. One of them was Huang Dongyu, 28, who used a video resume to land a career in advertising.

Creative thinking

After graduating from Xi'an Fanyi University in 2005 with a degree in communication technology, Huang found the only option was to become a technician for a cell phone firm.

"I didn't want to do maintenance work for telecom companies," he said. "My passion was design, so I taught myself how to use graphic design software in my spare time. I made my video resume in 2009 as practice when I was learning to use Flash software."

After uploading the video online, as well as sending it to employers and recruitment agencies, he got a job as a web designer with Sheer Digital Technology based in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province.

"The human resources department (at Sheer) mentioned they saw my video resume," said Huang. "I did other things and I don't think the resume was the only reason they hired me - after all, a resume is only one part of the whole job hunting process - but it definitely helped."

Although some experts argue video resumes are unpopular with employers and job agencies, Jack Lee, a recruitment manager with the Beijing-based Apex Recruiter, encouraged graduates to exploit all avenues to improve their prospects.

"Companies that are hiring usually have too many resumes to deal with, so it is important not to wait for HR staff to come to you. Explore your contacts and find a way to contact them," he said.

Job search forums

However, uploading video resumes is just one of the ways jobseekers can target recruiting companies through social networking sites, as online businesses in the West have proved. Many websites now already set up job search forums and message boards.

The fact that Facebook, Twitter and YouTube - arguably the world's three biggest names in social media - are not available in China should open the door for domestic services to dominate. Yet few are even attempting to enter the recruitment market, say experts.

Renren.com, which is similar in style to Facebook and is among the country's four most popular social networking sites, is the only one that offers a job-searching platform for college students. Most of its rivals are still focusing on pushing entertainment services.

Since the platform was launched on March 9, about 200 companies have posted advertisements for more than 1,000 positions.

Most of its functions are similar to zhaopin.com and 51job.com, both online recruitment agencies, and to ensure security, recruiters must get permission before they can access members' profile pages.


"If companies are interested in any candidates, they can add them as friends and get that person's permission to view their information and network," said Song Tiantian, spokesman for Oak Pacific Interactive, the Beijing-based firm that owns renren.com and mop.com, an online forum also popular with students.

Although no other social networking sites have yet launched job services, Yu Yi, an analyst for Analysys International, a Beijing consultancy firm that specializes in telecommunication and media, is confident they will.

"These sites have attracted lots of users through various game applications. Now, to make a profit they are exploring new revenue streams," he said. "Developing a job-searching platform and other practical applications will attract specific demographic groups and will help websites expand their value."

Meanwhile, several online firms already offer video interview services, including production and distribution to domestic and international recruiters.

The first in China was cnvhr.com, which was launched in 2004, and now has 20,000 registered users and 2,000 affiliated companies. However, it is yet to make a profit and owner Guo Xu said he has stopped paying to promote the service.

"There are still companies and individuals using our video interviewing service every day since it's free of charge, but I don't manage it now," said Guo, whose site is hosted on a free server provided by Tianjin's education authorities and is used to organize job fairs in the city. "It doesn't cost much to maintain the site."

Killing time online?

In the United States and Britain, as well as in multinational corporations like IBM, executives now actively encourage workers to open accounts with Facebook, Twitter and Linkedin to not only advertise events and vacancies organized by the company, but to aid communication between staff.

Chinese companies, however, still rely on "old-fashioned" job fairs to find staff, and even continue to block access to many sites because they believe workers waste too much time playing online games.

"Most firms in China are being too slow in utilizing these new (social media) tools," said Hu Yong, an associate professor at Peking University's school of journalism and communication. "Bosses still think these websites are where office employees spend all day stealing vegetables."

The vegetables he referred to are on Happy Farm, one of several games that have attracted millions of users to kaixin001.com.

Are bosses wrong to think their staff would waste all day playing online games at work?

Not according to a recent survey by the China Internet Network Information Center. Of the 3,007 netizens polled, 42 percent admitted the main reason they log on to social networking sites is to "kill time".

However, if human resources and recruitment firms do not change their mindset and tap into the power of social media, they risk being left behind, Hu said.

"They need to learn how to use Web 2.0 (applications that aid global interaction and collaboration) and social networking. They need to be part of this new environment," he said.

Duan Yan
China Daily
Publication Date : 23-04-2010

Saturday, April 24, 2010

What the Goldman Sachs case really shows

The issues go beyond fraud and strike at the heart of how capital markets work

FIRST, a quick re-visit of subprime mortgages. These were packaged together and then resold as collateralised debt obligations (CDOs), which carried higher interest rates than the mortgages based on the principle that diversification reduced risk.

But when you diversify assets you must have different kinds of assets. You could diversify within property but concentrating assets in less than prime real estate where default risk is relatively high is not the best way to do it.

To make these instruments more palatable, investment bankers such as Goldman Sachs and others got the largest insurer in the world, AIG, to insure them, and why they agreed is anybody’s guess.

To make matters worse, what happened was the creation of synthetic CDOs which effectively gives a holder exposure to the CDOs without actually owning any of the securities issued in relation to the CDOs. This is done through the issue of credit default swaps or CDS, a derivative product.

While the actual operations of these are complex – even some of the bankers could not understand these - their effects are not difficult to understand. Basically, a large number of institutions took leveraged bets by buying these instruments both for capital gain and yield.

When the real-estate bubble burst, the loss was greater than the loss in the value of the real-estate assets because derivative instruments traded based on these assets far exceeded the value of these assets.

Not surprisingly, those who were left holding the assets and the derivatives collapsed – some of the biggest names in the US – requiring an unprecedented rescue by the US government, which effectively injected hundreds of billions of dollars directly.

The latest episode, where the US Securities Exchange Commission or SEC is filing civil action against Goldman Sachs for fraud may well be the tip of the iceberg and eventually other financial institutions may be similarly charged.

But really, for those who watch the financial markets and the predatory types of profits that hedge funds, investment banks and others were seeking by engineering all kinds of incomprehensible financial products and market manipulation in some cases, this action comes as no surprise.

That Goldman Sachs may have sold a financial derivative to one client while helping another client short the product is quite a clear example of how the company took money from both sides. The end result was the hedge fund that took the opposite bet made US$1bil at the expense of other investors.

It is pretty difficult to estimate how prevalent this practice was among other investment banks but this action by the SEC is going to put a lot of them under the microscope.

Public opinion is already against the financial shenanigans that brought the mighty US financial institutions to their knees and this latest episode will make it even more so.

One good thing that hopefully will come out of this is that the authorities in the US will no longer be duped by the capitalism mantra into believing that deregulation is the way to go.

Events in recent times clearly show that those institutions that take massive deposits from the public must be closely watched to see what they do with that money and what kinds of products they put on the market and the kind of risks they carry.

Profit is fine so long as it is within the limits of the law, is ethical, within the limits of acceptable risk and does not destroy the very fabric and functioning of the markets from which it comes. More than anything else, both individuals and institutions have to be held to greater account in their behaviour.

There, here and everywhere one thing must be kept in mind: the role of the capital markets is to efficiently intermediate the allocation of capital between those who have too much of it and those who have too little of it. Profits are merely the by-product of this.

A Question of Business
By P. GUNASEGARAM

Managing editor P. Gunasegaram feels that too often we do not see the forest for the trees.

Productivity and talent management

Productivity growth can make the years ahead much more prosperous

FOR 50 years, sustained growth in Malaysia was based on ever-expanding use of manpower and accumulation of fixed capital assets. Basic economics tells us this business model will eventually give way to the law of diminishing returns, that is, when increasing injections of labour and capital lead to lower rates of additions to output with each passing year.

The message: We can’t be expected to grow efficiently by simply doing more of the same.

To become an increasingly higher-income nation, we need to shift from the “old” resource-based economy to one that is innovation led. Empirical evidence suggests that the old strategies have delivered steadily worse results.

On the other hand, innovation is known to have driven one-half of US productivity growth over 60 years. McKinsey Global Institute notes: “Those innovations – in technology as well as products and business
processes – boosted productivity.” For us, only innovation can be relied upon to drive exponential growth.

By innovation, I mean fresh thinking and approaches that add value to consistently create wealth and social welfare. In the end, innovation drives productivity, and productivity drives the flow of real income.

History teaches us that a burst of productivity growth can make the years ahead much more prosperous. With higher pay, workers can still save and yet have enough left over to spend more to raise living standards.

However, economics is unsure about the predictability of innovation and productivity. Investors are notoriously fickle and entrepreneurs’ serendipity, usually random.

Then, there is the speed with which new products and services can be rolled out and brought to market. It was Paul J. Meyer who said: “Productivity is never an accident. It is always the result of a commitment to excellence, intelligent planning and focused efforts.” Perhaps, this can help make productivity growth somewhat more predictable.

In the United States, studies by my econometrics professor at Harvard, Dale Jorgenson, pointed to technology advancing less fast than in the decade before the recent recession. Consequently, productivity can be expected to slacken to around 1.5% annually, yielding potential GDP (or gross domestic product) growth for the United States as a whole at about 2%–2.5% a year over the next few years.

Nothing spectacular, but much better than Japan during the recent lost decade. As of now, continuing high unemployment and rising US GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of this year means an abrupt 7% annual rate gain in productivity. This reflects in part a reluctance to hire given the uncertainties. There was a similar knee-jerk reaction during the 2001 recession.

A rebound in electronics demand suggests perhaps the wave of technology advances that fuelled productivity in the years prior to 2008 may have some steam left.

Most now see Asia reviving nicely this year. This year’s first-quarter results and forecasts for the year are rather robust, thanks to government stimuli. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank now talk about 7.5%–8.5% growth for the year (5.5%–6% ex-China). But India and East Asia (China, South Korea, Taiwan) display more impressive productivity growth. Within Asean, the underlying productivity profile remains anaemic, especially the more mature among them.

For Malaysia, productivity growth averaged below 1% a year over past 20 years. That’s a setback. Hence, there is resurgent talk of reform and rebalancing in search of new directions. The ADB suggests finding ways to “shift the drivers of growth”.

Today, China and India are where the action is – they provide the learning laboratory for innovative practices and processes.

As Professor Bill Fischer of IMD (Switzerland) puts it: Whereas Japan’s management revolution was all about “lean”, China’s is all about “speed” – faster to produce, faster to market, faster across markets, faster to expand.

Today, China uses its competitive advantage and “Chineseness” to do things better. But not through conventional blockbuster innovation.

Government as an enabler

There is no prescription for how a country can create a culture of innovation and competitiveness. According to Joseph Stigliz, the 2001 Nobel laureate: “…But government does have a role – in education, in encouraging the kind of creative and risk taking that the scientific entrepreneurship requires, in creating the institutions that facilitate ideas being brought into fruition, and a regulatory and tax environment that rewards this kind of activity.”

Ironically, the US prowess in innovation owes much to government support. As Harvard professor Josh Lerner tells it, the early development of the Silicon Valley emanated from Pentagon contracts. As did the Internet, which grew out of a defence project initiated in 1969.

In Malaysia, development of new industries and restructuring of old ones (creative destruction) often require a nudge from the government in terms of subsidies, loans, infrastructure and other support.

In order to be successful, the government needs to (i) create a conducive climate for public-private collaboration – or as Harvard’s Dani Rodrik puts it: It requires a government “embedded” in the private sector, but not in bed with it; (ii) incentivise innovations with “rental” rewards through a credible patent system; and (iii) ensure “public goods” serving society are promoted in a transparent fashion.

Venture capital

From Asean to northeast Asia and from India to Japan, the big risk to innovative ventures remains the lack of ready access to finance. The onset of the great recession and damage done to the financial system have exacerbated this risk. Firms which depend on bank credit and private equity have been particularly vulnerable.

A recent IMF (International Monetary Fund) study of North American manufacturers estimates that a 1% rise in the corporate bond rate can lead to a 0.25% fall in productivity. This is a big deal.

Worst hit is venture capital (VC). During the best of times, VC funds were already hard to come by. In recent years, reflecting big losses (by foundations and endowments) on hedge funds, private equity, and stocks and shares, venture financing has become more risk-averse.

The same story hits Asia since innovative ventures are forced abroad for financing, even in cash-rich Japan. Worst hit are angels, early start-ups and intermediate-stage start-ups.

In Malaysia, the situation is worse. The bulk of VC monies comes from the government and start-up funding is virtually non-existent in practice. Not only are governing boards and top management of VC funds risk-averse, their fear of loss on their watch scares them.

Furthermore, the environment is set in a culture that does not readily take on risk. As I see it, a government that takes no risk in promoting innovative ventures is one that is likely to make the bigger error of not trying hard enough.

All is not lost. Studies at Harvard Business School have shown that venture financing during and soon after recessions is more successful per dollar spent in practice, than during booms when money flows easily. Indeed, entrepreneurship is resilient to business cycles, partly because many turn to self-employment when laid off or offered a chance to take on risk.

I am told that 40%–45% of corporates listed in the Fortune 500 were born during recessions. As one involved with VCs, I find little comfort in this. I certainly won’t bet on it.

Talent management

Human capital lies at the core of innovation. Raising productivity requires a labour force of high calibre – committed, motivated and skilled enough to drive transformational change based on excellence over the long term. It’s about trapping potentials through acquisition of new skill sets in designing new products and services, and devising new processes and systems to do things smarter and more efficiently. That’s what talent management is all about.

In terms of outcomes, this simply means encouraging businesses to invest in R&D, design, automation, software, training and the accumulation (also acquisition) of intellectual property. Concomitantly, we also need to pursue initiatives on the flip side – promote angel investors and start-ups through an incentive regime that rewards risk taking.

Angels nurture start-ups very early. Their involvement goes beyond funding. They provide hand-holding, mentoring, coaching, and access to business networks. Indeed, this link turns innovative ideas into commercial propositions.

All these need ready access to a talent pool of critical skills and expertise. They make the difference between success and failure; the difference between quality and quantity. In the end, they deliver products and services better, smarter and faster. That’s what productivity is all about.

The Economist Intelligence Unit’s August 2009 global survey on talent strategies identified critical constraints on talent in an enterprise’s capacity to innovate.

Externally these are (i) intense global competition, (ii) rapid turnover, and (iii) rising cost, whereas the internal limitations are (a) lack of collaboration and resource sharing within an organisation, and (b) business and talent strategy not aligned. They reflect the war on talent out there.

In today’s world, I believe competitive enterprises can’t afford to be insular. Indeed, they need to look outside for talent to survive. China and India are wooing their national talent from North America where they have been entrepreneurial drivers. Other parts of Asia are doing the same. Indications are that host advanced nations are fighting back.

They may not have to fight too hard. Between 1997 and 2002, I am told, close to two-thirds of foreigners who earned PhDs in science and engineering in the United States are still there. The “stay rates” are much higher among Chinese and Indians (80%–90%).

Talent scarcity is a global issue. It’s not confined to developed nations, where it’s very serious. By 2050, for the first time, sixtysomethings will exceed 15-year-olds or younger. Even populous nations like India and China lack skilled professionals. The high skills gap reflects inadequate quality education and education mismatch.

Malaysia is reported to have lost up to 400,000 (mostly professionals) to emigration over the past two years. We are told that one to two million Malaysians work abroad (again, mainly professionals).

In his book, The Flight of the Creative Class, Professor Richard Florida states that skilled immigrants gravitate to global “talent magnets” centred on major cities which are open, tolerant and liberal with attractive living lifestyle.

He argues that as a “third-tier” global city, KL cannot engage successfully in the war on talent. To evolve into a human creative hub, KL’s ecosystem and outlook on excellence need to be radically transformed to reflect the true spirit of the New Economic Model.

This will require strong leadership, steadfast political will, and lots of time. Until this commitment is translated on the ground, Malaysia’s success in the talent war remains a serious challenge. Yet, without an adequate talent pool, innovative-led growth can only be sub-optimal.

What Are We To Do
By TAN SRI LIN SEE-YAN

Former banker Dr Lin is a Harvard-educated economist and a British Chartered Scientist who now spends time teaching and promoting the public interest. Feedback is most welcome at
starbizweek@thestar.com.my.


US spacecraft sparks arms race concerns

Space plane can 'help launch space weapons, be used for anti-satellite purposes'
 
BEIJING - The latest spacecraft launched by the United States has triggered concerns over a new arms race in space that could jeopardize world peace, Chinese military researchers said on Friday. 

The US Air Force launched unmanned spacecraft X-37B with a rocket from Florida's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Thursday evening local time, media reported. The spacecraft is designed to fly in low orbit for as long as nine months. 

The X-37B looks like a space shuttle orbiter, with a similar shape and payload bay for cargo and experiments. But unlike US space shuttles that can stay in orbit for only about two weeks and are costly to maintain, X-37B can reportedly be used repeatedly with less costs. 

The space plane is meant to serve as a test platform for unspecified experiments before gliding to an autonomous runway landing, the US Air Force said. 

US spacecraft sparks arms race concerns
The US military has only made the general description of the mission objectives of its latest space launch public - to test of guidance, navigation, control, thermal protection and autonomous operations in orbit, re-entry and landing, media reported. 

"This launch helps ensure that our warfighters will be provided the capabilities they need in the future," said Colonel Andre Lovett, a launch official and vice-commander of the Air Force's 45th Space Wing, in a statement on Thursday. 

However, the ultimate purpose of the X-37B and details about it remain a mystery. 

Experts said the spacecraft is also intended to speed up the development of combat-support and weapons systems. 

The spacecraft is the world's only reusable operational spaceship and "an important breakthrough of space technologies", said Zhao Xiaozhuo, a research fellow of military studies under China's Academy of Military Science of the People's Liberation Army. 

The space plane is considered to hold potential military value as it can serve combat-support systems and become a platform for launching space weapons, Zhao said. 

It can also be easily used for anti-satellite purposes, he said. 

"As a superpower, the US has been calling for nuclear disarmament all these years and urged other countries to be more responsible for world peace and safety," Zhao said.
"But in the meantime, its development of the space plane may lead to an arms race in space." 

Zhai Dequan, deputy secretary-general of the China Arms Control and Disarmament Association, said the impact of the space plane "may not be serious enough to trigger an arms race in space", but it has demonstrated US resolve to take a leading position in it. 

"The US has previously said that it would slow down the pace of developing the space plane project. But now with the launch, it shows the US has never really slowed down," Zhai said.
The space plane has the potential to destroy other nations' satellites, which will help the US take the lead in space, he said. 

"China has always insisted on the peaceful exploration of outer space," Zhai said.
"It is urgent for all countries to reach an agreement to avoid weaponizing outer space."

By Xin Dingding (China Daily)
Updated: 2010-04-24 06:46
AP contributed to the story.
CHINA DAILY