Tweet below the law

By JOSEPH LOH
sunday@thestar.com.my

Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter have allowed people to easily let others know what is on their minds. But users should be careful with what they post because the laws of the land apply to cyberspace as well.

THE Internet is increasingly becoming a virtual soapbox for people to vent their thoughts – and sometimes frustrations and dissatisfaction. The proliferation of blogs, discussion groups, and more recently, social networking, have emboldened many – with the assumption that making comments from behind a screen shields them from any legal repercussion.

However, the long arm of the law extends beyond solid ground, and reaches into the virtual realm as well.
According to H.R. Dipendra, from the Malaysian Bar Council’s human rights committee, there is no distinction between comments posted on the Internet and traditional print media.

“Internet posts are subject to similar laws as that of print media, aside from the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (MCMC Act) and Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984.

False sense of security: People on social networking sites and blogs tend to say more than they do in real life, thinking they can do it anonymously.

 

“You have to be careful what you write, and not just post what comes off the top of your head. If you know it to be inflammatory, then you should be careful,” he says.

Eddie Law, blogger and founder of elawyer.com.my and laweddie.com.my says that the www header is not an acronym for the wild wild west.

“Some think they can post or write anything, but that is not true,” he says.

Examples of legislation (see chart) include the Sedition Act, Internal Security Act, as well as civil and criminal defamation laws – all of which have previously been invoked to bring an individual to court, most famously in the cases involving blogger Raja Petra Kamarudin.

Dipendra

 

More recently, DAP member Teng Chang Khim was summoned to appear before the party disciplinary committee for a Twitter message that read “OMG! Real culprit freed.”

Dipendra says what has happened to Teng is fascinating, but does not believe anything will come out of it.
“His statement is not defamatory as it does not specifically refer to any particular person. It is a general opinion on a general matter,” he says.

Posting news content on Internet blogs, for example, is in some way similar to what mainstream news journalists do, but Law feels that bloggers are at a distinct disadvantage.

“They do not have proper media training or resources to help them determine what they are doing is legal.”

He opines that as social networking and blogging activity is still relatively new, there is little legal precedent to follow and there are many issues yet to be tested in court.

“The wording of the MCMC Act (Section 233 and 211) is very broad, and there is a lot of uncertainty. Because it is not yet tested, you can be snagged if its wording can be defined to suit your case,” he says.

Dipendra shares a similar opinion, and believes that when the law was drafted, it was intentionally broadly-worded.

Law

“It can be of any mode, medium or application – SMS, iPad or Twitter – so long as you type out a comment and post it, you will fall within the ambit of the two sections.

“The law is broad enough to include everyone, even an innocent disseminator,” he says.
However, he does not think it is a bad law.

“It may be uncertain and ambiguous, but not bad law. It gives enforcement agencies a lot of leeway so they would have the unfettered discretion for its use. The only question is if this discretion is used fairly,” says Dipendra.

Anonymity not guaranteed

Foong Cheng Leong, from Lee Hishammuddin Allen & Gledhill’s intellectual property department, says that people tend to say more than they do in real life, thinking they can do it anonymously.

“They think they can get away with it, but they may still get caught,” he cautions.

He gives the example of the Stemlife Bhd v Bristol-Myers Squibb (M) Sdn Bhd case. The co-defendant, Arachnid Sdn Bhd, who provided website maintenance services, was ordered to reveal the names of the persons who posted disparaging remarks against the plaintiff.

However, in a separate defamation suit involving the same parties, the judge struck out the suit against Arachnid, as it had never played an active role in respect of the content of the comments posted on the website.

There was another case where the defamatory contents of a website were deleted, but the lawyers were able to find the offending page using archived pages on waybackmachine.com.

“Simply deleting the page is not a defence, as the damage may have already been done. In a way, it is like destroying the evidence,” says Foong.

However, Law says web service providers need immunity from content posted on their website, something that United States law provides for in Section 230 of its Communi­cations Decency Act.

Foong informs that a similar “safe harbour” provision is being drawn up in Malaysia, and the same kind of immunity may later be found here.

Dipendra also says that what is posted on cyberspace stays there forever.
“Something that you said 10 years ago on a website may resurface, and you may have no recollection of even writing it.”

While existing Malaysian law appears to cover cases of wayward online behaviour at the moment, there are some who feel that there is a need for the law to be reformed.

Sonya Liew of the Bar Council explains that the world is currently undergoing both a revolution and evolution at the moment.

“Just like how there was the industrial revolution before, now we are having an information revolution,” she says.

She explains that during the agrarian age, laws were formed to protect the land, and during the industrial age, to protect intellectual property with laws regarding copyright and trademarks, for example.

“Laws regarding sedition and secrets were passed many years ago, before the information revolution. But now, society has evolved beyond this,” she says, adding that the people’s expectations regarding the right to information have evolved – together with technological advances.

“The whole world now has information at its fingertips, and if you withhold information, people start to question the lack of access to it.

“People expect information, and the question is if existing laws are sufficient to provide for the needs of a modern society,” says Liew.

She notes that signs of this can be seen in the increasing call for freedom of expression and the right to information.

“Later, we will hear of even more rights that we have not even heard of before, and it may even eat into the right to privacy,” she says, explaining that this may arise as people may want to know more about government officers’ or politicians’ lifestyle – in order to reduce graft.

“Laws exist to serve society, and society does not serve the law. We have this need now, and the question is if the Government is doing enough to provide for this need,” says Liew.

Any significant legal reform on the use of the Internet is not yet on the horizon, and until then, social networkers and bloggers should be vigilant on their online behaviour.

“People should behave the same way online as they would in real life. If they do not shout and curse in public, then their behaviour should remain the same online. They should not wear a different hat in cyberspace,” says Law.

Foong succinctly describes the appropriate online behaviour with a biblical quotation – which is still as relevant today as it was 2,000 years after it was uttered.

“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you,” quotes Foong.

Related Story:
Tweeting falsehood can cost you your job

Success in strategic speed

By ANDREW LEE
andrewlee@thestar.com.my

The early bird catches the worm” is probably one of the more popular idioms, and one that is often applied to business. It is well accepted that success in business favours the swift – companies that are able to create the most value are smarter and faster than the competition.

However, it might come as a surprise to many that despite ample resources, fancy graphs and streamlined processes in place, often the biggest problem is implementing a strategic initiative on time. Why is this the case?

President and CEO of Forum Corp, Edwin H. Boswell, has a theory. He argues that many companies focus exclusively on pace and processes, a strategy that only leads to superficial speed: lots of activity but little forward motion, short-term gain but eventual stagnation.

The more successful companies are able to achieve strategic speed – implementing strategies both quickly, and well, by shying away from fool’s gold and making the people in their company the key ingredient in their success formula.

Speaking to StarBizWeek via video link from Boston recently, he discussed the theories of his new book, Strategic Speed: Mobilize People, Accelerate Execution (Publisher: Harvard Business Press), a subject that he believes in passionately.

Boswell is one of three authors of the book. His co-authors are Jocelyn R.Davis and Henry M.Frechette, Jr.

What was the catalyst behind this book?
We started work on this book two years ago. Our company’s specialty has always been advising clients on how to execute strategies through people. And we wanted to write a book for leaders on how to get things done quickly and effectively, and the execution of those strategies.

The global financial crisis came soon after we started work on the book. This affected businesses around the world. This prompted us to dedicate a large part of the book on the speed of execution, because this unfortunate turn of events drew our attention on speed.

Can you tell us a bit about your research for this book?
We read over 500 books and articles, basically every bit of research done on execution over the past 20 years. Another important part of the work that went into this book was the survey we did with more than 350 leaders in the corporate sector, in government and those heading charity organisations around the world. We did this together with the research arm of The Economist magazine, their Economist Intelligence Unit.

We also studied 18 companies in-depth. This led to case studies on organisations such as Vodafone, Morgan Stanley and Fender Guitars. Finally, we drew on Forum Corp’s 20 years of experience managing clients to complete this book.

What were some of the key findings of your research?
There was truly a distinction between companies that executed strategies with strategic speed and those that did not. For instance, the faster companies in our sample were able to generate superior business results. On average, over a three-year period, these companies generated faster revenue growth, 40% faster than the slower ones. They made profits 50% faster as well.

What were these companies doing that made them quicker than the others?
The faster companies did not make the mistake of mistaking speed for pace. They proceeded with strategic speed and took the people factor into account. There was a high level of clarity among the people in the business about what the strategy was and the leaders made sure they took time to make sure everyone understood the company’s direction and his own individual role.

The second difference was unity. The faster companies had a stronger commitment to their strategies as well as towards working together. Lastly, these companies had a high level of agility. They had the ability to adapt to changes in the external environment, to new information in the market, as well as new opportunities or risk that came their way.

How did these companies keep their high levels of clarity, unity and agility?
That’s what most of this book is dedicated to – the leadership practices that the faster companies engaged in.
There are four main practices: the first is the affirmation of strategies. Leaders of fast companies made sure that everyone not only understands the strategy, but also buys into it.

The second is driving these initiatives. Successful leaders do not just delegate strategies, they are pretty involved in the execution of it.

Thirdly, there has to be a positive environment. This sounds cliched but if leaders are able to pay attention to the changes taking place around them,they will be able to bring out the best in their workers.

The last is cultivating experience. For example, leaders in the faster companies encourage people to step back from their day-to-day activities to share their experiences with colleagues.

The faster companies would implement these four leadership practices two to three times more frequently than the slower ones, leading to higher levels of clarity, unity and agility, which subsequently bring about strategic speed.

Will strategic speed affect quality of the final product? Is it possible to have both speed and quality?
We had a chance to interview Vodafone (one of the world’s largest mobile phone providers) chief executive officer Vitorio Collao in London recently. He did not accept the notion that speed and quality were enemies.
Vitorio wanted to create a global plan so that their clients could get the same level of service. The only problem was that Vodafone was a decentralised company, resulting in their clients receiving more invoices than they needed every month.

He knew any attempt to provide better service to his top clients would take a few years as the company was so large and complex, while team leaders would tend to proceed slowly and cautiously when executing strategies for fear of jeopardising an important plan.

Therefore, he created small teams of five or six persons and implemented a system of acountability. The team leaders would be given 12 months to execute the plan. They would also be allowed to make mistakes. He wouldn’t fire the leaders for making mistakes, he would only resort to the sack if the leaders repeated the mistakes. His belief was that smaller teams wouldn’t be as liable as bigger teams to making critical mistakes, rather, they tend to be mistakes that the company can recover and learn from.

This project was wildly succesful and Vodafone managed to generate US$3bil in incremental revenue.

Do you think culture plays a part in implementing this strategy?
One of the things we looked at is the cultural differences around strategic speed. In the West, speed is valued often just for its own sake. In other parts of the world, perhaps speed may not be as important as relationship or quality, as stated earlier.

Different cultures put different values on speed and this is a dilemma that managers have to navigate. Now that more companies around the world are becoming global, we all have to adapt to these different cultural values, even a small company like Forum due to our operations across four different continents.

I think managers all around the world are on a steep learning curve at the moment trying to identify and appreciate these different values. We do accept that there are cultural differences around speed and this will present us with new opportunities as well as challenges.

The narrative of failure and failure of narrative

Getting a clear message across at the appropriate time

"We need to tell our stories to each other better for a more stabe world"

FINANCIAL crisis is basically a story of failure, but the failure is due to lack of understanding of how to prevent or solve the crisis.

Hence, it is also the failure of narrative, or how to tell the story to each other so that people communicate and understand what to do.

Linguistic professor Robert Kaplan first introduced the notion that different ethnic groups tell narratives very differently.

It is not just the story, but the sequence of how the story is told.
For example, he drew diagrams of how Anglo-Saxons would tell a story in a straight line, from beginning to end.

A Chinese story-teller would go in circles before coming to the conclusion. A Jewish story-teller would zig-zag from one view to another before coming to the conclusion.

Kaplan’s theory of narrative shed new light to understanding how different groups think and communicate with each other and immediately sparked off controversy.

Do Anglo-Saxons really behave that way or is the truth much more gray?
An Australian is likely to be “in the face”, telling you to your face that you are wrong.

An American will do the same, but slightly more politely. I learnt from my years in England that when an Englishman praises you, it could sometimes be a criticism.

On the other hand, if he insults you, he is treating you as a friend. It depends on the context of the communication whether he is being friendly or insulting.

Misunderstandings happen because different people communicate differently.
Most of us know that selling a message depends on how the message is delivered.
Delivering bad news is the most difficult part of communications.

Most bosses shoot the messenger, which is why no one likes to be the first bearer of bad news to the boss. But he or she needs to hear the bad news, if they are good leaders. Those who listen to only good news will sooner or later live in a dream world.

But how to deliver bad news is itself an art.
My favourite legalist philosopher, Han Feizu (3rd century BC), was probably the best story teller philosopher in Chinese history.

Many popular folk stories actually came from his writings.
He wrote well to compensate for the fact that he stuttered so he could never win verbal debates against his opponents in court.


But his stories and parables cut to the bone on what he had to say.
The First Emperor was so impressed by Han Feizu that he schemed to bring him to Qin to be an adviser, only to kill him because his other advisers feared Han Feizu’s ability.

Two of the most insightful articles by Han Feizu are on the difficulties of speaking.
In them, Han Feizu demonstrates his mastery of inter-personal psychology – what to say, how to say and when not to say.

The difficulty of speaking to a leader is not what you want to say, but whether he is willing to listen.
It also depends on how you package your message. If you put it too generally and dressed up in good news, he will accept it as flattery.

If you put it too bluntly and full of facts, he may suspect that you have your own agenda.
Han Feizu knew that it was very important to understand what the ruler or the listener really wants to hear.

Hence, if you present a message that no one wants to hear, your message will not be heard and your own position may be in peril.

This is exactly the problem of economists who warned about the current crisis.
Most of the established economists who missed reading the warning signs claim that no one else saw the crisis coming either.

This is clearly not true. Rather, the truth is that the bulk of the economics profession ignored the warning signs. Then, they rationalised it by claiming that something happened that caused them to misread it.

The expert consensus can never be wrong, otherwise they are not experts.
Modern psychologists call this “cognitive dissonance”.

There was a famous case studied by a psychologist of a cult group who claimed that the world was coming to an end on a certain date and that they all had to go up a mountain where a space ship would come and save them all.

Of course, on the due date, the world did not end and the space ship did not come, but the leaders claimed that it was because God heard their prayers that caused the postponement of the world’s end.

The world is now so complex and we are so bombarded with too much information that we do not know easily what to do.

So we are likely to listen to those people who are acknowledged as wise.
Hence, we are more likely to believe a Nobel Laureate in economics than our local economics professor, even though the local may know much more about local conditions than the foreign Nobel Laureate.

The more the world is inter-dependent, the more important that the East and the West should understand each other.

In an age of instant solutions, the West is more likely to be fixated by simple solutions to complex issues, such as whether the exchange rate can solve global imbalances.

Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman is influential because he writes a New York Times column and he thinks that China manipulates the currency just to export. He is being emotional and not rational in his analysis.

The Japanese yen revalued substantially without diminishing Japanese exports abroad.
Most of the exports of China are by multinational companies who happen to manufacture in China for Western markets.

There are no simple answers to complex questions. This is the failure of narrative between major trading partners.

We need to tell our stories to each other better for a more stable world.

·Tan Sri Andrew Sheng is adjunct professor at Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, and Tsinghua University, Beijing. He has served in key positions at Bank Negara, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority and the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, and is currently a member of Malaysia’s National Economic Advisory Council. He is the author of the book “From Asian to Global Financial Crisis”.

Internet junkie children have parents worried

By JOSHUA FOONG
joshuafoong@thestar.com.my

PETALING JAYA: Parents and teachers have been left in a quandary as the onslaught of Internet games and social networking sites are bringing out a rebellious streak in many children.

“Why are you controlling my life?” – is the question often thrown back by children to their parents or teachers when they are confronted with their obsession with the Internet.

 

Teenagers playing online games at a cyber cafe in Kelana Jaya, a common scenario at almost any cyber cafe. - AZMAN GHANI/THE STAR

 

Norton, an Internet security company, produced a family report in 2010 which stated that Malaysian children spent an average of 64 hours online every month.

National Union of the Teaching Profession secretary general Lok Yim Pheng described the students’ obsession with the Internet as a silent killer which was “killing off” the interest of students in class.

There had been reported cases of students falling asleep in class after a whole night of playing Internet games and on-line chatting.

Lok had been ringing the alarm bells over this issue for the last five years.

She said there were also students who starved themselves during recess time because they wanted to save up for trips to cyber cafes.

“There have also been cases where stealing is involved,” she said.

Public complaints go-to man, Datuk Michael Chong said many parents had come crying to him saying they were at a loss over what to do.

“Their children spend countless hours on the Internet – with some cases involving primary school students surfing pornographic sites,” said the head of the MCA Public Service and Complaints Department.

Psychologist Dr Goh Chee Leong said the Internet was enticing because it was “very engaging and stimulating.”

“This problem is more prevalent in the middle and higher class families because they can afford to buy computers,” said the vice-president of HELP University College.

Mary (not her real name), an ex-addict, said that at the height of her obsession with online games, she only slept once every two days.

“I was 16 then. I was having teenage angst and like my peers, I needed a world where I could be in control and I could win,” said the undergraduate.

Luckily, she grew out from the phase when she was 19. Her bad grades were a nasty wake-up call, said the 21-year-old.

Father of three and marketing manager Simon Lee worries that his children will neglect their studies if they spend too much time on the computer.

But he could soon have a solution.

Software engineer Wayne Koong has invented a programme which slows down Internet programmes tremendously, to make the viewers get impatient and lose interest.

To know more about it, you have to log on and go to www.internetoveruse.com.

Tweet

Potential Prostate Cancer Marker Discovered

ScienceDaily (Aug. 2, 2010) — Studies by a Purdue University-led team have revealed a potential marker for prostate cancer that could be the starting point for less invasive testing and improved diagnosis of the disease.

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Images from the desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of prostate tissue samples are shown next to stained slides of the same samples. The images show that cholesterol sulfate is present in cancerous tissue and precancerous legions called high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, or PIN. A Purdue University-led research team discovered that cholesterol sulfate is a potential marker for prostate cancer. (Credit: Demian Ifa/Purdue Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development)

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The team used a new analysis technique to create a profile of the lipids, or fats, found in prostate tissue and discovered a molecular compound that appears to be useful in identifying cancerous and precancerous tissue. The profile revealed that cholesterol sulfate is a compound that is absent in healthy prostate tissue, but is a major fat found in prostate cancer tumors.

Graham Cooks, Purdue's Henry Bohn Hass Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, and Timothy Ratliff, the Robert Wallace Miller Director of the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, led the team.

"It was surprising to find a single compound that is distinctly present in cancerous tissue and not present in healthy tissue," said Cooks, who is co-director of Purdue's Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development. "We've been able to differentiate cancerous from healthy tissue using this new method in the past, but the difference was in the amounts of the same chemical compounds found in healthy tissue. There was no single differentiator of which one could say if it was present there was cancerous tissue."

Ratliff said this characteristic makes the compound a potential marker for the disease, which could lead to new blood or urine tests to screen for prostate cancer.

"Aside from skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths," Ratliff said. "Unfortunately, the current screening test has a significant number of false positives because it uses a marker that is present with other non-cancerous conditions. As a result, many men have unnecessary biopsies, which are invasive, expensive and have the potential to cause infection. This new compound appears to be highly specific to prostate cancer cells, which would mean very few false positives."

The current prostate cancer test screens for a protein called prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, that is produced by the cells of the prostate. Elevated levels of PSA in the blood can signify prostate cancer, but non-cancerous conditions such as an enlarged or inflamed prostate also cause an increase in its levels, he said.



The findings of the study, which was funded by the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research and the National Institutes of Health, were published in the journal Analytical Chemistry.

The study was performed in collaboration with physician scientists from Indiana University School of Medicine, who co-authored the paper. They also provided the tissue samples and pathological analysis of the samples to check the new technique's results.

The team used a mass spectrometry analysis technique developed by Cooks and coworkers called desorption electrospray ionization, or DESI, to measure and compare the chemical characteristics of 68 samples of normal and cancerous prostate tissue.

Mass spectrometry works by first turning molecules into ions, or electrically charged versions of themselves, so that they can be identified by their mass. Conventional mass spectrometry requires chemical separations, manipulations of samples and containment in a vacuum chamber for ionization and analysis. The DESI technique eliminates these requirements by performing the ionization step in the air or directly on surfaces outside of the mass spectrometers, making the process much simpler, faster and more applicable to medical examination or surgical settings.

Cooks' research team also has developed software that turns the distribution and intensity of selected ions within a sample into a computer-generated image, much like what would be seen from a stained slide under the microscope. This chemical map of the sample can precisely show the location of cancerous tissue and the borders of tumors, Cooks said.

Livia Eberlin, co-author of the paper and a graduate student in Cooks' group, said the study showed promise in detecting precancerous lesions, as well.

"The DESI examination was able to distinguish a precancerous lesion in a small area of a sample made up of mostly healthy tissue," Eberlin said. "By evaluating the difference in the chemistry of cells, this technique can detect differences in diseased tissue that are otherwise indistinguishable. It could provide a new tool for pathologists to complement microscopic examination."

The team also plans to study differences in the chemistry of different types of prostate cancer tumors to see if there is a way to identify which are aggressive and which are not, she said.

Ratliff said the inability to tell the difference between aggressive and nonaggressive forms of prostate cancer causes problems in its treatment.

"A nonaggressive form of prostate cancer can be very slow to progress, and sometimes it is in the best interest of the patient not to go through rigorous treatments that reduce one's quality of life," he said. "The tests currently used to determine the probability that the cancer is an aggressive form are not very accurate, and about 30 percent of patients are misdiagnosed as having an aggressive form."

Additional co-authors of the paper include graduate students Allison Dill and Anthony Costa, and post doctoral researcher Demian Ifa from Purdue's Department of Chemistry and the Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development; Dr. Liang Cheng from the Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; and Dr. Timothy Masterson and Dr. Michael Koch from the Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Urology.

The team is already in the process of performing larger studies and plans to investigate the biological processes responsible for the expression of cholesterol sulfate in cancerous tissue.



Story Source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Purdue University. The original article was written by Elizabeth K. Gardner.

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See Also:

Health & Medicine

• Prostate Cancer
• Men's Health
• Urology
• Prostate Health
• Cancer
• Diseases and Conditions

Reference

• Metastasis
• Embryonic stem cell
• Lavender oil
• Cellulite

So long, new deepwater drilling regulations

By Shelley DuBois, reporterAugust 4, 2010: 3:44 PM ET

FORTUNE -- Yesterday, Democrats in the Senate rejected taking up a new oil spill response bill because of a dispute over who foots the costs of future spill cleanups and more importantly, how much those parties -- largely oil and exploration companies -- will pay. The Senate is voting on the bill, vaguely titled "a bill to promote clean energy jobs and oil accountability, and for other purposes" in response to BP (BP)'s spill in the Gulf at the Macondo well.

Other parts of the over 400-page bill about energy in general and offshore drilling in particular include safety measures. Until some version of the bill passes, important issues with offshore drilling will remain caught in legislative limbo.

That's a problem. Oil companies have argued that they have stringent safety policies on offshore rigs, regardless of holes in the regulatory system. Many of them do. But this spill has highlighted the need for more efficient oversight.

This block will slow that. The Senate, according to Politico, is supposed to vote again next month, but there's no sign anything will change in that time to help the bill pass.


The major point of contention was the lifting of the liability cap. Generally, Democrats want to hold companies accountable for spill-related damage over $75 million(See editor's note.) Republicans think that the liability cap should stay, so that spills won't bankrupt oil companies.

0:00 /2:57BP oil spill's silver lining

Either way, the debate is holding up policy that should have been in place long before the spill.
Some examples of actions from the defunct bill that will now live in limbo:

• SEC. 104. OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESPONSE PLANNING: This section mandates that the government must have a plan if another spill of this size happens again. The US has never had to deal with a spill of this magnitude, nor has it ever had to intervene at the level it has with the Gulf spill. As a result, it stumbled from strategy to strategy. A well thought-out and well described plan should help in future catastrophes 
• 204. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ADVICE AND GUIDANCE. A non-government, non-industry group of science and technology experts would weigh in on whether the government's oil spill response plan is adequate.
• SEC. 205. OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: This would allow the Department of the Interior to research ways to clean up oil spilled in the continental shelf and figure out how much damage this spill actually caused. There generally isn't good follow-up to spill damage once the slicks are gone. This would be a welcome change.
• SEC. 626. CERTIFICATE OF INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS: Under this section, floating rigs would have to adhere to the highest safety requirements. The key part of this is regulating blowout preventers - the section demands that all rigs have one that works. Most rigs out there do. Still, given the blow out preventer problems with the Deepwater Horizon, it couldn't hurt to put this requirement more firmly on the books.

For any of these regulations to win passage, both political parties will have to agree about how much to charge companies that spill, with Republicans seeking to limit damages for future spills. Otherwise, other important parts of deepwater drilling regulation will be bereft of a much-needed update.

Editor's note: Due to an editing error the damage cap was reported as $75 billion. It is $75 million. 
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Web Startups: Tips For Raising Money

Great products, teams and business models are still most important.

As the market continues to recover from the 2008 dive and subsequent fallout, many investors are understandably jittery about throwing money at early-stage companies and have instead opted to join less risky rounds for more mature startups.

But for young startups with solid Web products, there's a silver lining: Statistics are showing slightly better numbers for seed and early-stage deals at Web startups than for startups in other verticals.

Have a killer product. Product is still the most important consideration when you're trying to raise capital.
Being the original is trumped by being the best, and sometimes--just sometimes--having an intriguing product is better than making money right out of the gate. One of social media's biggest startup success stories in recent years is Twitter, which without a doubt has turned out to be a killer product, one that the Twitter team focused on to the exclusion of almost every other business consideration, including revenue.

Most importantly, having a killer product is one of the few things that will help you raise money in the face of stiff and ever-increasing competition. In the current tech ecosystem, a clone is born every minute, but fighting off your competitors won't help you as much as looking inward and building the absolute best product you can.

Examples:
--TweetPhoto's Series A: This startup had competitors in spades--and popular, well-entrenched ones, too. But that didn't detract from its focus. When I spoke with the founders at Chirp, creators of TweetPhoto, they displayed single-minded confidence in their product; they believed that what they were building was better than anything else on the market. And they were able to convince investors that this was the case, as well.

 --Foursquare's Series B: Foursquare's core offering--a mobile check-in application--has seen iteration after iteration over the past year or so. As a result, the application has gone from being a spin-off, nerd-centric game to a potentially scalable location and marketing application.

--Collecta's Series B: The folks on this team were facing some serious competition last year, and not just in the company's vertical of real-time Web search. When Google ( GOOG - news - people ) and Microsoft ( MSFT - news - people ) simultaneously announced they'd be entering the real-time search market, the startups on that scene were definitely shaken. But Collecta focused on creating more value, more relevant results and a better algorithm, and investors rewarded that dedication.

Have a killer team. Quora, Brizzly, SimpleGeo and Square have all gotten funding over the past year, and it would be fatuous to think that their founders' backgrounds at Facebook, Google, Digg and Twitter had nothing to do with those deals. We suspect that the access to high-quality networks of investors, which generally comes along with working at one of the larger tech companies, helps in securing funding. But also, having been an important part of a world-famous and innovative team proves a lot to would-be investors. And look at Internet phenom Ze Frank; the meme master got $500,000 in seed money for his stealth social gaming startup.

But a "killer team" doesn't necessarily mean all-star tech pedigrees and Internet fame. Investors are looking for, to put it plainly, good people who are intelligent in their disciplines and flexible in how they see the product.

As VC Sumeet Jain of CMEA Capital wrote to us, "If we can't think of a better team, we're excited ... Seed and Series A companies can pivot several times, and the company at the end of several years of development can be radically different than what was first envisioned. The bet, therefore, has to be on the team to a much greater degree than any one idea or business."

Examples:
--SimpleGeo's Series A: Matt Galligan was the boy genius behind SocialThing, a product of the TechStars program and an AOL acquisition in its early stages. Joe Stump was the chief architect of Digg. When Galligan told us last year that they were working together on a social, location-based startup, his passion for the project was on par with his team's expertise. Funding a team like that was a safe bet.

--Quora's Series A: Facebook's engineers are reportedly some of the best in Silicon Valley. So when a few of Facebook's early hires--including the company's CTO, Adam D'Angelo--bolted to start something new, investors were certain that whatever came out of the company would be scalable and beautifully coded.

--Square's $10M Series A: It's true that investors love apps dealing with shopping and finance, but what jump-started Square's success early on was the big-name appeal of its CEO, Jack Dorsey. As a Twitter co-founder, Dorsey carried that most elusive of Silicon Valley trophies: mass adoption. Dorsey's cachet undoubtedly helped Square secure its atypically large Series A.

Have a killer business model and revenue opportunities. While we've seen a few examples of new apps getting funded as the founders steadfastly refuse to focus on revenue during formative product-development stages, we're seeing many more deals being made around apps that show solid, money-making potential out of the gate.

The technology market may boom and bust, the global financial market may crash and recover, but VCs will never get tired of companies that can make money.

Even if the tech world is full of bigger competitors than your company, your startup still has a chance at raising money (and at longer-term success) when there's a proven revenue model and enough customers, users and revenue to go around.

Examples:
--Shopkick's $15M Series B: Shopping and location apps are among the hottest for investors right now, and it's easy to see why. They connect to a direct revenue pipeline (advertising dollars for marketing campaigns and, depending on how the app is executed, user dollars for special features) and a huge amount of pursuant data on how, where and when people spend money. Shopkick is capitalizing on both trends at once and is primed to snag consumer and brand attention and cash.

--Blip.tv's $10M Series C: Blip.tv did revenue the old-fashioned way: It asked users to pay for their service. And although YouTube, which has chronically struggled to turn a profit, has proved to be the Goliath of the online video world, Blip.tv and a handful of scrappy video startups have fared well through offering clever partnerships and freemium benefits.

--LivingSocial's Series C: LivingSocial is competing with Groupon, the large and fairly well-known bargain-hunters' app. But when it comes to this market and this economy, there's enough room for more than a few smart-shopping sites and applications. By linking their product directly to consumers' buying habits and creating a built-in opportunity to partner with large brands and small local businesses alike, LivingSocial crafted an attractive investment opportunity.

Jolie O'Dell is a technology and social media journalist for Mashable.

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Computing at the Speed of Light

Replacing metal wiring with fiber optics could change everything from supercomputers to laptops.

By Tom Simonite

The world of computing could change rapidly in coming years thanks to technology that replaces the metal wiring between components with faster, more efficient fiber-optic links.

Seeing the light: A chip in the center of this circuit board contains four lasers that convert electrical signals into light pulses. The pulses travel at high speeds along a fiber-optic link. Credit: Intel

"All communications over long distance are driven by lasers, but you've never had it inside devices," says Mario Paniccia, director of Intel's photonics lab in Santa Clara, CA. "Our new integrated optical link makes that possible."

Paniccia's team has perfected tiny silicon chips capable of encoding and decoding laser signals sent via fiber optics. Today, when data arrives at a computer via a fiber optic connection it has to be moved from a separate photonic device to an electronic circuit. This new system promises to speed things up because everything works in silicon.

Last week, Paniccia's team demonstrated the first complete photonic communications system made from components fully integrated into silicon chips. Electronic data piped into one chip is converted into laser light that travels down an optical fiber and is transferred back into electrical signals a few fractions of a second later. The system can carry data at a rate of 50 gigabytes per second, enough to transfer a full-length HD movie in less than a second.

The silicon photonic chips could replace the electronic connections between a computer's key components, such as its processors and memory. Copper wiring used today can carry data signals at little more than 10 gigabytes per second. That means critical components like the central processing unit and the memory in a server cannot be too far apart, which restricts how computers can be built.

The new Intel setup has four lasers built into its transmitter chip that shine data into a single optical fiber at slightly different wavelengths, or "colors." Chips with even more lasers should make it possible to communicate at 1,000 gigabytes per second, or one terabit per second.

"Having a chip the size of your fingernail that can deliver a terabit per second changes the way you can think about design," says Paniccia. Such chips could make a big difference inside the sprawling data centers operated at great expense by Web giants like Google, Microsoft, and Facebook. "Data centers today are big piles of copper--that imposes the limits on how you arrange components inside a server," Paniccia says.

 "If I could just move the memory a foot away [from the processors], I could add a whole board of memory for a single CPU instead," says Paniccia, whose team is experimenting with prototype servers to work out how to build them with photonics links inside.

Moving a server's memory away from the CPUs would also make ventilating them easier. Since roughly half the cost of running a data center, used for everything from services like Facebook to banking records, comes from cooling, that could have a significant impact.

Further savings may come from the fact that optical links require less power to operate, says Keren Bergman, who leads a silicon photonics research group at Columbia University. "With electrical wires, the longer you go, the more energy you spend in an exponential fashion," she says. Optical fiber allows low-power signals to travel farther faster. Bergman's group has used data on the performance of computers at Lawrence Berkeley and MIT's Lincoln Laboratories to simulate how systems with optical interconnects might perform. "You can get an order of magnitude gain in energy efficiency," she says, with the largest gains seen for applications such as high-bandwidth image processing and video streaming, she says.

Data centers aren't the only things that may see their insides lit up with lasers. "We've developed this technology to be low-cost so we can take it everywhere, not just into high-performance computing or the data center," says Paniccia. The components of the Intel system, including the lasers, are made with the same silicon-sculpting methods used to construct computer chips in vast quantities. "I'm drafting Moore's law," says Paniccia. "We've enabled the benefits of using light with the low-cost, high-volume, scalability of silicon."In consumer computers like laptops, that would allow innovations in industrial design. I could put the memory in the display instead, and change the design of the whole thing."

This could make it easier to swap in new components without having to open up a machine. It would also allow core components to be installed in peripherals. Extra memory could, for example, be hidden in a laptop or smart phone dock to increase a portable device's computing power when plugged in.

Fully exploiting the benefits of the optical age will, however, means changes to the components being linked up. "It's not just a case of whip out the electrical wires and replace them with optical fiber," says Bergman.
Ajay Joshi, an assistant professor at Boston University, who is also exploring design options for high-performance computers with optical interconnects, agrees. "If we speed up the channel between logic [processors] and memory, we need to rethink the way you design that memory."

The speed gap between processors and optical links is smaller, but ultimately, that too will likely change. "It would be nice to also see processors that work optically instead of electronically," Joshi says.