New crew joins Tiangong space station

Out of this world: (From right) Astronauts Cai, Song and Wang waving to the crowd during a departure ceremony ahead of the launch of the Shenzhou-19 space mission in the Gobi desert, northwest China. — AFP

Three Chinese astronauts including the country’s only woman spaceflight engineer entered the Tiangong space station on Wednesday following an early morning launch into orbit.

The Shenzhou-19 mission took off with its trio of space explorers at 4.27am local time from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China, Xinhua and state broadcaster CCTV reported.

Among the crew is Wang Haoze, 34, China’s only woman spaceflight engineer, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).

She is the third Chinese woman to take part in a crewed mission.

The crew arrived around 12.51pm local time and met with the astronauts from the previous Shenzhou-18 mission, “starting a new round of in-orbit crew handover”, state news agency Xinhua said.

The new Tiangong team will carry out experiments with an eye to the space programme’s goal of placing astronauts on the Moon by 2030 and eventually constructing a lunar base.

“Like everyone else, I dream of going to the space station to have a look,” Wang told a media gathering on Tuesday alongside her fellow crew members.

The space agency deemed the launch a “complete success”, Xinhua said, adding that about 10 minutes after taking off, the spaceship separated from the rocket and entered its designated orbit.

Xinhua later said the spaceship had “made a fast, automated rendezvous and docking with the front port of the space station’s core module Tianhe at 11am (local time)”, and that the trio would then enter the module.

Headed by Cai Xuzhe, the team will return to Earth in late April or early May next year, CMSA deputy director Lin Xiqiang said at a separate press event ahead of the launch.

Cai, a 48-year-old former air force pilot, brings experience from a previous stint aboard Tiangong as part of the Shenzhou-14 mission in 2022.

“Having been selected for the new crew, taking on a new role, facing new tasks and new challenges, I feel the honour of my mission with a great responsibility,” said Cai.

Completing the astronaut lineup is 34-year-old Song Lingdong.

The new and old crew will live and work together for about five days to complete planned tasks and handover work, the CMSA said, according to Xinhua.

The Shenzhou-18 crew is scheduled to return to Earth on Monday, it added.

China has ramped up plans to achieve its “space dream” under President Xi Jinping.

The Shenzhou-19 crew’s time aboard Tiangong will see them carry out various experiments, including some involving “bricks” made from components imitating lunar soil, CCTV reported.

Crewed by teams of three astronauts that are rotated every six months, the Tiangong space station is the programme’s crown jewel. — AFP

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The three taikonauts on China's Shenzhou-19 spaceflight mission entered the Tiangong Space Station and met with the other taikonaut trio stationed there on Wednesday, starting a new in-orbit crew handover. The successful reunion triggered jubilation on Chinese social media platforms ...

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China's space endeavor witnesses openness and self-reliance: Global Times editorial

China will continue to promote international space exchanges and cooperation in various forms with an open mind, share development achievements with other countries, improve outer space governance, and make space scientific and technological achievements more beneficial to mankind, so that the wisdom of mankind with a shared future will be ventured into the vast expanse of space.

Shrinking homes, rising prices

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PETALING JAYA: More young property buyers, especially those about to start their own families, may be forced to purchase their first homes in the outskirts of the Klang Valley, such as Rawang and Dengkil, as residential properties in prime city locations suffer from “shrinkflation”.

Shrinkflation refers to the sustained increase in property prices even though new units are smaller than they used to be.

While analysts and industry observers generally welcome Budget 2025’s homeownership measures, the consensus is that more needs to be done because many younger generation workers still find it difficult to buy their first property.

Licensed financial planner Stephen Yong said the supply of affordable housing, particularly in urban areas with manageable commutes, is limited.

ALSO READ: Homes beyond the reach of most M’sians

“Buyers would usually need to save up to 25% of the property’s price to pay for costs like down payment, legal fees, renovations and furnishing – all of which pose a considerable financial burden.

“Young Malaysians also encounter hurdles in securing housing loans due to lower income levels, rising expenses and strict debt service ratio requirements.

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“This difficulty is even more pronounced for freelancers and gig economy workers, as banks often impose stricter conditions on applicants without stable, predictable incomes,” said Yong, who is also the executive director of Wealth Vantage Advisory.

The National House Buyers Association (HBA) opined that there is a need to define “affordable housing” to ensure the term is “not abused” by property developers who deem prices of RM500,000 as “affordable”.

ALSO READ: ‘Lock in perks for higher-priced homes’

Its honorary secretary-general Datuk Chang Kim Loong said the government has previously reiterated that affordable housing must meet three criteria: for it to be priced between RM150,000 and RM300,000; must have a minimum built-up of 800sq ft (excluding balcony space) and have at least two bedrooms; and must be located in areas with good public transportation links and amenities.

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“Whatever schemes are introduced will not make houses affordable if prices are not checked and costs (of doing business) are not addressed.

“Let’s face it, owning a house is beyond the reach of most Malaysians. We need to address the root cause and not pander to parties that caused the hike.

“HBA hopes that the current Housing Minister will always put the interest of the rakyat and country first before the interest of housing developers,” said Chang.

Rahim & Co International Sdn Bhd estate agency chief executive officer Siva Shanker said he welcomes Budget 2025 measures to promote homeownership, especially first-time buyers.

“However, the measures announced are not substantial enough,” he said.

ALSO READ: Tax relief timing for first-time home buyers is crucial

Among the measures announced in Budget 2025 was a RM5bil step-up financing scheme introduced under the Housing Credit Guarantee Scheme (SJKP), which offers a lower repayment rate in the first five years of the mortgage term.

SJKP will also guarantee loans for first-time home buyers of up to RM500,000 for homes developed on wakaf land. To support individuals purchasing their first home, Budget 2025 also proposed an individual tax relief on mortgage interest payments.

There is also a tax relief of up to RM7,000 for residential properties valued up to RM500,000, while a relief of up to RM5,000 will be given for residential properties priced between RM500,000 and RM750,000.

This relief can be claimed for three consecutive years of assessment on sale and purchase agreements completed between Jan 1, 2025, and Dec 31, 2027.

Siva said the real problem affecting first-time homebuyers, especially the bottom 40% income earners (B40), is the difficulty in securing a down payment for the housing loan.

“When you apply for a 90% housing loan but the bank only approves 80%, it means you need a down payment of 20% from the house value. Many people don’t have the cash in hand.

“Perhaps the government can consider a policy where banks will provide 100% loans for first-time B40 homebuyers,” he added.

Malaysian Youth Council executive committee member Eow Shiang Yen said Budget 2025’s step-up financing scheme indicates the government’s commitment to easing the financial burden of the youth.

“However, the success of this scheme requires interactions of other relevant components such as improved financial literacy, building passive and secondary incomes, relevant competence development and competitive salaries,” said Eow.“The youth still need to cope with increasing living costs and other expenses. A strict supervision and ongoing enforcement are also required to ensure that initiatives such as People’s Residency Programmes, People’s Housing Projects, and Rumah Mesra Rakyat are not misused.”

Yong concurred with Eow on the need for financial literacy to make homeownership a reality for young Malaysians.

“In addition, incentives like stamp duty reductions, first-time homebuyer grants, and flexible loan structures with extended tenures would make homeownership more accessible,” he said.

Commenting on the proposed tax relief on mortgage interest payments, Chang said it should be given to all existing homeowners with outstanding housing loans, not just first-time buyers.

The three-year tax relief should start from the date of property handover instead of the date of sale and purchase agreement, he said.

“The tax relief on interests should be applied strictly for first-time buyers irrespective of purchasers from housing developers or from the secondary market or sub-sale,” he added.

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Regional alliance drives semiconductor growth

 

(From left) EY Shanghai partner Derick Yap, InvestPenang chief executive officer Datuk Loo Lee Lian, Wang, Zairil, Wong, IBM Malaysia general manager Dickson Woo and Shanghai Fengmi Cloud Media Technology Co Ltd chairman Steven Huang launching 2024 Asia-Pacific Semiconductor Summit and Expo in Penang.

STRONG regional partnerships can drive growth, innovation and advancements in the semiconductor sector.

By leveraging each other’s expertise and ecosystems, stakeholders will be better positioned to stay at the forefront of this rapidly evolving industry.

Penang infrastructure, transport and digital committee chairman Zairil Khir Johari said this while launching 2024 Asia-Pacific Semiconductor Summit and Expo (APSSE) in Penang.

The recent two-day event held at Setia SPICE Convention Centre in Bayan Lepas, Penang, brought together over 30 exhibitors and 600 delegates from nine countries.

It was organised by Malaysia Semiconductor Industry Association (MSIA) and Penang government, in partnership with Shanghai Fengmi Cloud Media Technology Co Ltd.

Zairil said the semiconductor industry was the backbone of the modern economy, powering everything from smartphones to electric vehicles and machinery.

“There is almost nothing today that doesn’t have a chip in it.

“And with changes brought on by the 4th Industrial Revolution, potential applications would only continue to expand.”

He said the global semiconductor industry was valued at US$544bil (RM2.36tril) in 2023, and this was projected to exceed US$1tril (RM4.34tril) by 2030.

“There are opportunities for everyone, which makes events like APSSE 2024 a good platform for industry players and government to exchange ideas and explore collaborations,” Zairil said in his opening address.

He highlighted the long-standing and successful collaborations between Malaysian and Chinese firms as proof that such regional partnerships could be mutually beneficial.

“Indeed, 2024 marked the 50th anniversary of bilateral diplomatic relations between the two countries.

Zairil (front, centre), Wong (second from right) and other delegates observing a virtual reality application by one of the exhibitors.

“Around half of APSSE 2024’s exhibitors are from China.

“Together, we can drive innovation, enhance global supply chain resilience and shape the future of the semiconductor landscape.

“Malaysia is committed to deepening economic ties with China, especially in advancing technologies such as semiconductors, electric vehicles and green energy,” he added.

Zairil also praised various stakeholders for keeping the industry resilient in spite of various challenges in recent years, such as the pandemic and global geopolitical tensions.

“We have long been a key player in the semiconductor value chain, contributing approximately 13% of global assembly, testing and packaging. Of that number, almost half comes from Penang,” he said.

From 2019 to 2023, Zairil revealed that Penang attracted RM170bil of foreign direct investments, which was more than double the preceding decade.

“This showed how much growth was achieved in the last five years.

“We have become a trusted partner of many leading global firms,” he added before touring exhibitor booths in the arena.

MSIA president Datuk Seri Wong Siew Hai said the semiconductor industry was a cornerstone of the local economy, contributing over 40% of total exports in the electronics sector.

“With over 50 years of experience in the industry, a strategic location, strong ecosystem, cost-competitiveness, skilled talent and business-friendly government, we have been able to attract billions of ringgit in investments from tech giants across the world.

“But competition is intense and we must keep pace.

“Government initiatives like the National Semiconductor Strategy (NSS) and New Industrial Master Plan (NIMP) 2030 will allow us to move the industry into higher value areas.

“MSIA recently launched the Advanced Technology Equipment Cluster (ATEC) to consolidate expertise to meet ever changing demands and keep us as a market leader,” said Wong.

He noted that APSSE 2024 was the first time many of the participating Chinese firms had exhibited outside their country.

He said most people took it for granted, but everything they use had semiconductor components of varying complexities inside.

“Mobile phones and smart TVs are the most obvious examples. Other things like your air-conditioner remote, ceiling fans, water heater and even the thermal flask you use to make a cup of coffee, need such components to operate.

“An electric vehicle has over 3,000 semiconductors.

“It’s a key component of green energy. If you live in a rural area without running power, the solar panels that allow you to power things also need semiconductors.

“Go to any hospital and all the medical devices used to test you have lots of semiconductors inside.

“Global e-commerce would not be possible either without these tiny chips.

“The only difference is that we’re constantly coming up with newer materials that allow each piece to perform more functions at a lower cost,” Wong added.

ACM Research (Shanghai) Inc chairman Dr David Wang Hui said such globalisation would continue to be a fundamental driving force for the industry.

“Many Chinese companies are interested in coming to Malaysia.

“This would not only bring investment and create local jobs, but also drive innovation, technology, product quality and better manufacturing systems,” he added.

The APSSE event featured a series of panel talks, with topics on “Global Semiconductor Outlook”, “Transitioning from Local to International Outbound Investments”, “Artificial Intelligence”, “Asia-Pacific Semiconductor Strategies”, “Advancing ESG Through Innovations”, “Intellectual Property”, “Advanced Packaging” and “Strategies for STEM Talent Development”.

Business matching sessions and tours of several industrial sites were also held.

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New Zealand may have a solution for world’s debt

Quick fix: Pedestrians walk past a Moore Wilson & Co supermarket in Wellington. The success of New Zealand’s reforms are reflected in its fiscal performance, says Ball. — Bloomberg

WELLINGTON: In the early 1980s, New Zealand was on the brink of economic collapse.

Two oil price shocks had saddled the country with high inflation, and the United Kingdom’s decision to join the European Economic Community a decade earlier had cut off access to a key export market.

Successive governments had compounded the pain with a series of policy errors – throwing around subsidies, awarding inflationary pay deals and trying to control prices, while keeping interest rates too low and taxes too high.

The result was soaring unemployment and mounting debts.

No wonder some dubbed New Zealand the Albania of the South Pacific.

Yet over the remainder of that decade, New Zealand was transformed into one of the most prosperous countries in the world.

A new Labour government took office in 1984 and embarked on a form of shock therapy that came to be known as “Rogernomics” after Finance Minister Roger Douglas.

The government removed exchange controls, slashed subsidies, privatised services and handed responsibility for setting interest rates to a newly independent central bank.

New Zealand also introduced a different accounting approach throughout the public administration.

It is impossible to separate out the precise impact of each of these policies.

But Ian Ball, a former senior Treasury official, professor of public finance management at Victoria University in Wellington, and one of the authors of Public Net Worth (Palgrave Macmillan, February 2024), says accounting reform was among the most consequential.

Accounting is notoriously dry stuff. But switching to an accruals-based approach used in the private sector, and away from the cash-based systems traditionally used by governments, forced departments to think long-term and maximise the efficient use of assets.

This is especially relevant in the United Kingdom at the moment with the government on the cusp of major budget reform.

To see what this means in practice, take the case of public sector pensions.

Under a cash-based system, the debt is accounted for when the pension is paid, which could be years in the future.

The government has little incentive to make any provision for it.

But with accrual-based accounting, the cost of the pension commitment must be recorded as a liability when the benefit is earned.

That led the New Zealand government in 2001 to establish a Superannuation Fund to pay for future pensions.

Today, this quasi-sovereign wealth fund is regarded with jealousy by countries that wish they had something similar.

Take another example: Under an accruals-based system, the budget includes a charge each year to reflect the fact assets such as buildings and infrastructure deteriorate and eventually become obsolete.

This is what accountants call depreciation.

Because the cost runs through annual budgets, there is a strong incentive for governments to enhance the value of their assets by managing them efficiently.

Under a cash-based system, there is no such incentive, meaning long-term investment is deferred, and future generations are left to pick up the bill when buildings fall into disrepair and the infrastructure crumbles.

The success of New Zealand’s reforms are reflected in its fiscal performance, says Ball.

“What you see is a very significant change.

“We had had two decades of deficits before these reforms, but once they were in effect, from around 1994, we had basically a trend of strengthening the balance sheet and increasing net worth.

“And as you strengthen the balance sheet, you have the effect of reducing debt too.”

With the exception of the four years after the global financial crisis and the devastating Christchurch earthquake in 2011, which caused damage equivalent to 11% of gross domestic product (GDP), net worth grew every year until the pandemic.

Ball is on a mission to export New Zealand’s experience.

In collaboration with colleagues from around the world, including a historian, a banker, a former UK Treasury official and the former global chief economist at Citigroup Inc, he has written Public Net Worth to explain how this approach could be the answer to the one of the biggest challenges facing almost every government today:

How to tackle excessive public debt, particularly at a time when ageing populations, geopolitical tensions, geoeconomic fragmentation and the costs of combating climate change add to fiscal pressures.

US public debt is close to 100% of GDP and is projected to rise to 122% by 2034.

Many eurozone countries are struggling to bring debts and deficits under control to comply with single currency rules. The situation in many developing countries is even more stark.

Indeed, economists from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have warned that global public debt may be higher than previously known and getting worse, and that countries will have to make much more significant fiscal adjustments to deal with the problem.

According to the IMF’s latest estimates, global public debt will exceed US$100 trillion by the end of this year, equal to about 93% of global GDP.

Against such a backdrop, the authors argue that accrual-based accounting could improve public sector productivity, helping ease the pressure on cash-strapped governments.

For example, they reckon governments could make easy gains through better management of their public property.

Cash-based accounting values property based on what you paid for it, less depreciation, with no reference to the current market value.

But without up-to-date valuations of assets, government decision-making takes place in the dark.

Should a building be renovated or sold?

How much should the state charge for its services?

A road network, for example, is a valuable public asset.

But in a cash-based system, there is no incentive to generate money from it, whether via tolls or road-pricing or some other mechanism.

In New Zealand, says Ball, one of the early exercises was to work out an appropriate capital charge for public services.

Armed with that information, the government could then decide who was best placed to deliver them: the state or the private sector.

As the old saying goes, what you can’t measure you can’t manage. — Bloomberg

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